Medina ( / mɛdi ː nə / ; Arabic: المدينة المنورة official Al- Madinah Al- Munawwarah , " the radiant city " or المدينة Al - Madinah , officially also transliterated as Madinah by the Saudi government and the modern Islamic literature in general) , is a modern city in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia , and the capital of the province of Al Madinah an alternative name Madinat Al - . Nabi ( "City of the Prophet," ie , Muhammad ) . The Arabic word Medina simply means " city. " Before the advent of Islam , the city was known as Yathrib , but was personally renamed by Muhammad .
The cemetery of the Islamic prophet Muhammad , is the second holiest city of Islam after Mecca . Medina is critically important in Islamic history as definitive religious basis Muhammad after Hijrah , and the place of his death in 632 AH AD/11 . Medina was the power base of Islam in the first century, which developed the early Muslim community ( ummah ) , first under Muhammad's leadership and then under the first four caliphs of Islam : Abu Bakr , 'Umar , ' Uthman and Ali .
In fact , one year of the Islamic calendar is based on the year of immigration (or Hijra ( هجرة ) ) of Muhammad and his original followers ( Muhajirun ) from Mecca to the city of Medina in 622 AD / AH 1 . The Maliki madhhab emphasizes ulema and scholars of Medina . [2 ]
Medina is reportedly home to the three oldest mosques in Islam that were built in the time of Muhammad, namely Al - Masjid an- Nabawi ( Mosque of the Prophet) , Quba Mosque ( the first mosque in the history of Islam ) , [ 3 ] and Masjid al - Qiblatain ( mosque of the Two Qiblahs - the mosque where the direction of Muslim prayer , or qibla was switched from Jerusalem to Mecca ) .
Similarly to Mecca , has access to the sacred heart of Medina (but not the city ) is limited to Muslims ; Non- Muslims are not allowed to enter , nor should they cut through the center of town . [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ]
Al Harmain (Ziaraat-E-Madina)
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